Dislocations are line imperfections in an otherwise perfect lattice. They are typically introduced into the lattice during solidification of the material or when the material is deformed. Although dislocations are present in all materials, including ceramics and polymers, they are particularly useful in explaining deformation and strengthening in metals. Four types of dislocations can be identified:
- Screw dislocations
- Edge dislocations
- Mixed dislocations
- Slip