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absolute temperature – Click here, equals the temperature above absolute zero.
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atomic number – The number of protons in an atom for each element.
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bulk – Macroscopic.
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contact force – When a force involves direct contact between two bodies — in contrast to long-range force.
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equation of state – Any equation that relates the pressure, temperature, and density (or specific volume of a substance).
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flow line – The path of an individual particle in a moving fluid. Same as a pathline.
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gravitational force – Force due to gravity. Same as weight. Although, the term "gravitational force" may be used to compare two objects of relatively similar size in mass and the term "weight" may be used to compare one object to another that is significantly larger in mass.
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hydraulic stress – Same as bulk stress.
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ideal fluid – A fluid that is incompressible and has no internal friction (see viscosity).
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ideal gas – A gas that obeys the ideal gas equation.
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incompressible – The density cannot change.
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incompressible fluid – A fluid that is incompressible.
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inertia – The property of matter by which it retains its state of rest or its velocity along a straight line so long as it is not acted upon by an external force. an analogous property of a force. the tendency of a body to keep moving once it is set in motion. it is a property. tendency of all objects and matter in the universe to stay still if still, or if moving, to go on moving in the same direction unless acted on by some outside force. also see: Second Moment, or Moment of Inertia, of an Area and Newton's Laws of Motion.
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kip – Equals 1000 pounds force.
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ksi – A unit of stress, equals 1000 pounds per square inch, stands for "kip per square inch", sometimes also abbreviated kpsi, which means "kilo pounds per square inch", which is the same thing, they are all the same.
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long-range force – When a force acts between two bodies that are separated, there is no contact between the bodies — may act between bodies even when they are separated by empty space, such as gravity. In contrast to contact force.
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magnitude – Magnitude is how much, or the amount of something, represented by a numerical quantity.
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mole – Click here.
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molecular mass – Commonly expressed in terms of grams per mole; molecular mass of water is 18, that is because the molecular mass of hydrogen is 1 and that of oxygen is 16. The molecular mass values should be easily attainable from most periodic tables.
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molecular weight – It is molecular mass, which is above; the quantity of concern is dependent on the mass of a molecule, not the weight.
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normal – Means perpendicular to the plane or surface of reference, often used with respect to a vector or a force. (picture)
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normal force – A force that is normal.
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phase boundary – Separates phases from each other.
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phase change – A transition from one phase to another; may also be called phase transition. For any given pressure, a phase change takes place at a definite temperature, usually accompanied by absorption or emission of heat and a change of volume and density.
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slug – A unit of mass. 1 slug = 1 [(lbf*s2) / ft]. 1 slug = 32.17 lbm. For unit conversion factors click here.
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specific gravity – Ratio of a fluid density to a standard reference fluid density, usually water at 4°C for liquids and air for gases, therefore number is unitless. material can be anything. SG = ρ/ρwater SGgas = ρgas/(1.205 kg/m3) SGliq = ρliq/(1000 kg/m3)
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speed – How fast something is, like meters per second or miles per hour.
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steady-flow process – A process in which there is steady flow. May also be called a steady-state process.
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steady flow – If the overall flow pattern does not change with time, the flow is called steady flow. In steady flow, every element passing through a given point follows the same flow line. In this case the "map" of the fluid velocities at various points in space remains constant, although the velocity of a particular particle may change in both magnitude and direction during its motion.
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volume strain – Same as bulk strain.
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volume stress – Same as bulk stress.
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volumetric stress – Same as bulk stress.
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